The term Mannerism comes from the Italian word "maniera," which means "style" or "manner." It was first used by Italian art historian Giorgio Vasari in his book "Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects" to describe the work of certain artists who he felt had moved away from the classical ideals of the Renaissance. Mannerist artists sought to create a new style that was more expressive, emotional, and individualistic than the classical tradition.
Mannerism is characterized by a number of distinctive features, including elongated proportions, exaggerated poses, and complex compositions. Figures are often depicted in twisted or contorted positions, with elongated limbs and torsos. The use of foreshortening and unusual perspectives is also common, as is the incorporation of exotic or fantastical elements.
Mannerism emerged during the Late Renaissance period, a time of great artistic and cultural innovation in Europe. The period was characterized by a renewed interest in classical art and literature, as well as a growing fascination with the natural world and the human body. It was also a time of great political and religious upheaval, with the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation leading to widespread conflict and social change.
In this context, Mannerism can be seen as a response to the challenges of the time. It represents a rejection of the classical ideals of balance, harmony, and proportion, and a move towards a more subjective and emotional approach to art. Mannerist artists sought to express the complexities and contradictions of the human experience, using exaggerated forms and distorted perspectives to create a sense of drama and intensity.
